A practical guide for coaches, clubs and communities
Girls across the world face persistent barriers to participating in sport and physical activity. Research shows they are significantly less likely than boys to take part in organised sport—and when they do, they are more likely to drop out early. This is not due to a lack of interest or ability, but often the result of environments, experiences and systems that do not meet their needs.
The ICOACHGIRLS initiative was developed to change this.
Its mission is simple but powerful:
to help more girls start, enjoy and continue participating in sport and physical activity for life.
Why this matters
Participation in sport is not just about physical health. For girls, it can also support:
- Confidence and self-esteem
- Social connection and friendships
- Mental wellbeing
- Lifelong engagement in active lifestyles
However, early negative experiences—especially during primary school years—can have lasting effects. That’s why creating positive first experiences is critical.
A framework for success
The ICOACHGIRLS approach is grounded in two key frameworks:
The ICOACHKIDS Pledge
A set of 10 research-informed principles that ensure sport is a positive experience for every child.
The Youth Sport Compass
A model built around four essential environments:
- Development-oriented
- Motivational
- Caring
- Socially safe
Together, these provide a strong foundation for designing programmes where girls can thrive.
The 10 “Girls in Sport” Elements
At the heart of this guide are ten practical elements that help (re)introduce girls to sport in meaningful and sustainable ways.
1. Focus on competence
Girls are more likely to participate when they feel capable. Developing fundamental movement skills—and reinforcing progress—builds confidence and enjoyment.
Key takeaway: Prioritise learning and improvement over performance.
2. Provide non-competitive activities
While some girls enjoy competition, others find it intimidating or discouraging.
Key takeaway: Offer fun, inclusive, non-competitive options that emphasise participation and enjoyment.
3. Provide high support
Support from coaches, parents and peers plays a crucial role in shaping positive attitudes.
Key takeaway: Encourage, listen and involve girls in decisions about their activities.
4. Offer variety and choice
Girls are more engaged when they can try different activities and discover what they enjoy.
Key takeaway: Use multi-sport approaches and keep sessions fresh and varied.
5. Use role models
Visible, relatable role models help girls see what is possible.
Key takeaway: Highlight female coaches, athletes and peers who inspire participation.
6. Promote friendships and social connections
For many girls, sport is as much about socialising as it is about activity.
Key takeaway: Build time and space for interaction, teamwork and connection.
7. Help coaches understand girls’ needs
Girls may experience sport differently from boys due to social, cultural and developmental factors.
Key takeaway: Educate and empower coaches to adapt their approach accordingly.
8. Create a positive and inclusive environment
Feeling welcome, safe and valued is essential.
Key takeaway: Actively prevent teasing, exclusion and stereotypes, and ensure every girl feels included.
9. Provide girls-only opportunities
Mixed environments can sometimes discourage participation, especially for less confident girls.
Key takeaway: Offer girls-only sessions to create safe spaces for learning and growth.
10. Address body image and wellbeing
Concerns around body image, clothing and menstruation can be significant barriers.
Key takeaway: Normalise conversations, provide appropriate facilities, and involve girls in decisions about kit and comfort.
Think beyond the session
To be truly effective, programmes should operate at multiple levels:
- Micro (session level): Coach behaviours, activities and interactions
- Meso (club level): Policies, coach education, parental engagement
- Macro (system level): National strategies, funding and awareness
The more of these areas you address, the greater your impact.
One size does not fit all
It’s important to remember: girls are not a homogeneous group.
Their needs, motivations and preferences vary widely.
Successful programmes:
- Listen to girls’ voices
- Adapt to local contexts
- Offer flexible, tailored experiences
Moving forward
Increasing girls’ participation in sport is not about a single intervention—it’s about creating the right environment, culture and opportunities.
By applying these 10 elements, coaches and organisations can:
- Break down barriers
- Build confidence and competence
- Create meaningful, lasting engagement
Ultimately, it’s about ensuring that every girl has the opportunity to experience the joy, benefits and lifelong value of sport and physical activity.
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You can also access and download the executive summary of this guide in English, Spanish, French, German, Dutch, Hungarian and Lithuanian. Simply click the language and jump right in.
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